Tā Pita went to secondary school at Waipukurau District High School and Te Aute Māori Boys College, where he developed his skills in kapa haka and a passion for Māori language and culture. He went on to establish the New Zealand National School of Māori Weaponry, where he became Tumu Whakarae (Sacerdotal Head and Master).
He studied at Auckland University and trained as a teacher. In 1977 he was awarded a PhD from Auckland University in Anthropology and Linguistics. In 1982 he was appointed inaugural Chairman of the Ngāti Kahungunu Tribal Runanga, which he chaired for eight years.
For eight years he headed the Office of the Race Relations Conciliator and then became Director of Culture at the Department of Māori Affairs. He has also been a Professor of Education at Auckland University and an Adjunct Professor at Unitec.
He was instrumental in the establishment of Hoani Waititi Marae throughout the 1970s, and has been actively involved there ever since, including as chairman for 37 years. He also led the establishment of the first Kura Kaupapa Māori, Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Hoani Waititi. Tā Pita has belonged to numerous Māori community and education organisations and has been a consultant to many government agencies and professional boards, including a member of Te Waka Toi Board (Creative NZ Arts Council from 1997 to 2003).
During his kapa haka career Tā Pita received the Te Matatini National Male Leader award five times, and Tohunga Tu Taua – Te Whare Tu Taua o Aotearoa in 1985.
In 1984 Tā Pita led the kapa haka at the pōwhiri (opening ceremony) of the Te Māori exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
After the foreshore and seabed controversy in 2003–2004, Sharples joined forces with Tariana Turia a former minister in the Labour Party government who resigned over the issue. Turia and Sharples organised a new party based around Turia's Te Tai Hauāuru seat which was launched on 7 July 2004 as the Māori Party with Sharples as co-leader.
Sharples was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the Māori people, in the 1990 Queen's Birthday Honours. In the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services as a Member of Parliament and to Māori.
Former politician, educator and kapa haka exponent Tā Pita Sharples received Te Tohu Kaitiaki Tikanga Pūoru – Keeper of Tradition award at the 2021 Waiata Māori Awards. The award recognised Tā Pita’s lifelong contribution to the retention and promotion of traditional waiata, through education and his role establishing Tāmaki based kapa haka Te Roopū Manutaki in 1968.
He is also a 2024 Arts Foundation Te Tumu Toi Icon Whakamana Hiranga for Kapa Haka, mau rākau.